SDCERS OVERVIEW
Employees of the City of San Diego, San Diego Unified Port District, and San Diego County Regional Airport Authority participate in SDCERS, and are “members” of the retirement system. SDCERS is a defined benefit plan which provides for a monthly benefit upon retirement. If employment is terminated, a member may withdraw his/her contributions; however, funds contributed by the employer cannot be withdrawn by the member. If a member contributes to SDCERS while married, then his/her spouse will have a community property interest in the retirement benefits.
FIRST STEPS: GETTING MEMBER INFORMATION & SENDING NOTICE OF ADVERSE INTEREST
All contents of a SDCERS member’s file are confidential. However, the member, former spouse, and their attorneys can obtain information about the member’s benefits in order to determine the community property interests in a member’s account. SDCERS will provide the member’s service credit and accumulated contributions, date of membership, refundable value, and statements of account as of the date of marriage and the date of separation. If the member is already retired, the options selected at retirement, the named beneficiary, and the amount of the monthly allowance and any death benefit payable will be provided. The member or his/her attorney can simply send a written request for this information to SDCERS. The non-member spouse or his/her attorney will need to submit either (i) an authorization to release account information that is signed and dated by the member, or (ii) a subpoena for business records.
One of the first steps when dividing SDCERS benefits is to ensure that the retirement plan is aware of the pending divorce. This can be accomplished by sending SDCERS a written “Notice of Adverse Interest.” This will place a hold on the member’s account; but SDCERS will not pay the former spouse any share of benefits until SDCERS is joined (see below) and receives a Domestic Relations Order (DRO) instructing the Plan to pay benefits to the former spouse. If the member is already retired, a Notice of Adverse Interest will ensure that SDCERS withholds the former spouse’s estimated share until the Plan receives the Joinder and DRO. Further, SDCERS will withhold a portion of any return of contributions to the member.
SDCERS JOINDER REQUIREMENT
Like many other public employer plans, SDCERS must be joined to the marital dissolution proceedings before a DRO can be implemented. “Joinder” is the legal process that names a third-party claimant to a court case; in this case, to legal separation or divorce proceedings. Your family law attorney may have already prepared and filed a joinder for SDCERS. However, if you need a Joinder for your SDCERS benefits, QDRO Helper can assist you with the joinder for an additional fee.
SDCERS DOMESTIC RELATIONS ORDERS (DROs) & THE TIME RULE FORMULA / BROWN FORMULA
SDCERS requires both a Joinder and a DRO before benefits can be paid to a non-member spouse due to dissolution of marriage. The DRO is a court order that will instruct the plan how the retirement benefits should be divided. The most common method of dividing a community property interest in SDCERS is by using a formula knows as the “Time Rule Formula” or “Brown Formula”. Using this formula, the former spouse’s share of benefits is determined taking 50% of a fraction where the numerator is the service credit earned by the member during the marriage and the denominator is the member’s total years of service credit.
TIMING & GILLMORE ELECTION
SDCERS will only start paying benefits to a former spouse once the member retires and commences receiving monthly retirement benefit payments. However, under California law, the former spouse may demand his/her share once the member is eligible to retire, by making what is known as a “Gillmore election”- named after the court case Marriage of Gillmore, 29 Cal.3d 418 (1981). The member will be responsible for paying the former spouse directly until the member retires; then SDCERS will begin making payments directly to the former spouse.
DROP ACCOUNT
Some SDCERS members participate in the Deferred Retirement Option Program (“DROP”). Usually, when a member enters DROP, he/she also agrees to retire within 5 years. DROP allows a member to keep the retirement benefit earned as of the date of entry into DROP while also earning additional benefits which can be paid in a lump sum or as additional retirement income.
When calculating the member’s benefits, the Plan treats the member as if he/she had retired on the DROP entry date and credits the member’s monthly pension to his/her DROP account. Additional member and employer contributions, as well as COLA increases and any annual supplements are added to the DROP account. DROP should be addressed in all DROs for both active members and members who are already part of DROP. The parties should also be aware that SDCERS cannot pay the former spouse any DROP account benefits until the member actually retires and exits DROP.
DISABILITY BENEFITS
Disability benefits should also be addressed in the parties’ DRO. Once common way to address this issue is to state that if a member receives a disability retirement before being eligible for service retirement, then the former spouse will only be able to receive his/her community interest share once the member reaches the required service retirement age. However, it is possible to state that the former spouse will receive a community property share of any disability retirement benefits.
SURVIVOR BENEFITS
Survivor benefits should also be discussed and negotiated by the parties prior to having a DRO drafted. Members can designate beneficiaries to receive survivor continuance benefits; however, a member can only name one beneficiary for a survivor benefit. Once a beneficiary is designated, the designation cannot be changed. If a divorce takes place after retirement (or entry into DROP), the retirement option or beneficiary named at time of retirement cannot be changed.
At retirement, a member may select either the “maximum benefit” or one of four separate settlement options (aptly named Optional Settlement 1, 2, 3 and 4). Detailed information about the various options can be obtained from SDCERS. If the parties legally separate or divorce prior to the member’s retirement or entry into DROP the member can still provide a survivor benefit to the former spouse by elections one of the settlement options. If the member does not elect to provide for survivor benefits when an option is selected, then SDCERS will stop payments to the former spouse upon the member’s death.
DEATH OF FORMER SPOUSE
Once the DRO is in place, the former spouse can name a beneficiary to receive his/her share of the benefits. The former spouse’s share of benefits can instead revert to the member if the DRO specifically states that is the parties’ intent. This is another issue that should be part of the divorce or legal separation negotiations.
SDCERS DEATH BENEFITS
SDCERS provides various death benefits, including benefits for death when the member was eligible to retire, industrial death benefits, active member death benefits, DROP death benefits, and death benefits after retirement. Information about these death benefits can be obtained from SDCERS; however, it is important to note that even if the member has named a beneficiary other than the former spouse, the former spouse may have a community property interest in the death benefits. The DRO should clearly state whether the former spouse will be entitled to any death benefits, and if so, then to what extent. Often, parties will provide death benefits to the former spouse up to a pro-rate share based on the same “time rule” or “Brown formula” discussed above.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ABOUT SDCERS & DIVORCE?
If you have additional questions or if you would like to get started on a DRO for your SDCERS benefits, please call 619-786-7376 to speak with an attorney at QDRO Helper. You can also get started by visiting our forms page, or by emailing info@qdrohelper.com.
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